Justice in Romero Essay - 1239 Words

Justice in Romero The influential and gripping film, Romero, directed by John Duigan, portrays the life and death of Archbishop Oscar Romero. The movie shows the world through the eyes of the El Salvadorian people during the 1980s, when poverty and military rule flourished over the people. The country of El Salvador was run by an elite group of few who controlled most of the power and money, leaving the majority of the people deprived and powerless. This imbalance in the social system left much of the people under oppression, constantly controlled by the corrupt government and even sometimes persecuted when they tried to speak out. The church was a witness to the violations of human rights and this ruthless behavior by the El†¦show more content†¦At first this is what Romero did, he preached to be peacemakers and not to revolt. But after the government shot their weapons into crowds indiscriminately at a worship ceremony held outside, killing a few people including a prie st who was also Romeros close friend, was when Romero begins to rebuke the government and lead the struggle for justice and human rights in the country. Romero develops into a man who rocks the boat. In that, meaning he organized rallies and masses that brought the people together causing anger upon the government. He leads a peasant march into a church that is occupied by soldiers in order to perform mass, and also offends and defies the El Salvadorian president. Throughout the movie, Romero is faced with challenge after challenge from the military and government, but through it all he continued to speak to his people and praising the word of god. The film came to a tragic ending as Archbishop Romero was shot by a hired assassin during mass. Although martyred for his beliefs, his spirit lived on in the Salvadorian people. Father Romero was a very influential figure. Inclined himself by the masses of poverty stricken individuals harmed by the government, Romero was a man who was cle arly in pursuit of social justice. The first step he took towards the situation was assessing the real life poverty and oppression that was at hand. Romero along with the church examined what wasShow MoreRelatedIgnatian Leaders: Oscar Arnulfo y Galdamez1766 Words   |  7 PagesIgnatian Leader Oscar Romero is one of the most popular and unique Archbishops in Latin America due to his devotion and relationship with the poor. Romero was one of the first to speak out on behalf of the poor and fought for human rights and for the victims during El Salvadors bloody civil war. Romeros birth name is Oscar Arnulfo y Galdamez and he was born on August 15, 1917 in Ciudad Barrios, a small mountain village in El Salvador. He is the son of Guadalupe de Jesus and Santos Romero. As a result ofRead MoreOscar Romero s Religious Beliefs Affected His Work For Social Change1347 Words   |  6 Pagesviolence, social injustice, the exclusion of citizens from the management of the country, repression,† Oscar Romero said in his sermon on the 23rd September 1979. Six months later, Romero was shot and killed. During the 1970’s and 80’s the El Salvadorian public experienced a brutal campaign of repression by the military government, which claimed thousands of lives. The leader of the church, Oscar Romero began to speak out on behalf of the victims and on the 23rd of March 1980, he made a direct appeal toRead MoreOscar Romero Stood Up for the Poor and Troubled Nation of El Salvador551 Words   |  3 PagesÓscar Romero was a Roman Catholic priest that stood up for the poor and injustice in the troubled nation of El Salvador. In the early stages of his life, Romero had entered a boarding school for priests at the age of thirteen. Then he went to the national boarding school in San Salvador. He finished his studies at the Gregorian University in Rome, and was appointed a priest in Rome in 1942. Although Romero wanted to acquire a doctorate in theology, he had to go home to El Salvador in 1944 due toRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Traditional And Liberation Ess ay1498 Words   |  6 Pagesoutcome that is sought after from both biblical and church traditions. In traditional theology faith is used to seek answers to better understand abstract ideas such as our existence. Whereas liberation is more about justice rather than understanding. Using our faith to seek the justice that is deserved through the practice of love and compassion. It becomes very personal from love, which also happens to be the most powerful force of liberation theology. It is clear traditional and liberation theologyRead More Romero Essay882 Words   |  4 Pages In the movie Romero, Archbishop Romero changes very much in his understanding of love and in his understanding of true conscience. At first Romero is just a priest who isn’t really concerned about the poor and how they are being oppressed, but when Romero is chosen to be the new Archbishop his friend, who is assassinated, I think has a slight impact on him. But I think when his friend is assassinated is when he really starts to realize what is happening to the country of El Salvador and how theRead MoreEngaging The Theology Of Oscar Romero1739 Words   |  7 PagesEngaging the theology of Oscar Romero: Oscar Romero was a Christian who eventually became part of a community, the priesthood. As he was gradually was promoted to higher position within the Catholic Church, his theological views began to change. As he began to see the oppression of the poor in Salvador and experience rough encounters with the government, he started to question the relationship of God within the community and politics. This engagement paper will discuss Romero’s libertarian theologicalRead MoreThe Maid s Daughter By Mary Romero1326 Words   |  6 Pagesabout the life of a Mexican woman whose journey from Mexico to the United States by becoming a maid for the wealthy elites and in turn raising a daughter at the same time which is quite a story to read about. The author is Mary Romero who is currently a professor of Justice and Social Inquiry at Arizona State University. She has received several awards and has written many novels about Latino Culture. She graduated with a Bachelor’s Degree f rom Regis College. I think the main reason why this authorRead MoreThe Government s Political And Economic Tactics1575 Words   |  7 Pagessacrificed in the pursuit of social justice and religious reformation. His death served as a catalyst which incited a previously dormant, yet powerful force against the Salvadoran government: Oscar Romero. Grande and Romero were both members of the Society of Jesus, however, they held very different views when it came to politics and the state of the church (Brackley). Grande favored more progressive, left-wing political ideas and radical church restructuring, whereas Romero was decidedly conservative andRead MoreHow Similar Were the Dictatorships of Primo de Rivera and Franco?1373 Words   |  6 Pagesmilitary in their regime and the roles of women in their society. Firstly, it was argued by authors such as Raymond Carr and Francisco J. Romero Salvadà ³ that Primo only intended to rule Spain for a short amount of time in order to find quick solutions to deal with Spain’s illnesses such as social disorder, economic recession and the Colonial War in Morroco (Romero Salvadà ³,1960, pg 52). In contrast it was argued that Franco intended to rule Spain for a long amount of time. Franco wanted to find longRead MoreOscar Romero and the Role of the Catholic Church in El Salvador1488 Words   |  6 PagesThe Role of Romero vs. the Catholic Church: The Salvadoran Civil War The tragedies of the civil war in El Salvador brought focus to the many issues of oppression, under-representation, and inequality apparent amongst the Salvadoran working class during the later twentieth century. The outbreak of the war began much like civil wars in neighboring countries, consisting of the lower class demanding land and policy reformations, as elites feared the uprisings would result in socialist-geared politics

P Emergency Bail Out Free Essays

â€Å"We in America today are nearer to the final triumph over poverty than ever before in the history of any land† was Herbert Hoover’s message to voters in the US Presidential race of 1928. However, once elected into office, within months, he came to terms with his own short sightedness as the world plunged into a downward economic spiral, unparallel in history . . We will write a custom essay sample on P Emergency Bail Out or any similar topic only for you Order Now . at least until now. The sub prime mortgage crisis and the ensuing credit crunch is by all means a haunting reminder of Black Tuesday, when on October 29, 1929, the NYSE crashed as a result of panic selling and led to the Great Depression. Without dwelling much on history, it can be concluded that the NYSE crash of 1929 and the Housing market crash of 2007 are both characterized by speculation and greed, a fundamental failure of pristine capitalism. Secondly, both crashes have followed an era of loose monetary policy and lax credit regulations for which hot shot individuals at the Central Banks and the commercial banks themselves share the blame. To add on to this, we have the menace created by the alluring yet highly risky business of derivatives. With nothing much to defend, the question arises, are we headed towards a depression as in 1929 or is the situation still under control? The likely scenario that we face is a gloomy one. The level of debt that individuals hold is high. The housing crash has wiped out a large portion of the banks credit portfolios. Other advances are also suffering as falling income levels, losses on a highly volatile stock market and rising unemployment are triggering people to default. This is making depositors uneasy as they are shifting money between Banks causing liquidity issues for them. Some Banks have closed down, unable to honor commitments. Others are set to follow. Low liquidity and capital losses means that these financial institutions are refraining from new lending despite the availability of cheap credit. Lack of financial facilitation means that businesses are suffering a lack of confidence and the economy is slowing down, marred with deflation, unemployment, high debt levels and low production. The Secretary of the US Treasury, Mr. Hank Paulson’s Emergency Bail out Plan, is set out to counter these problems and save America and the world from recession. The original idea was that the purpose of the plan would be to purchase bad mortgage related assets, reduce uncertainty regarding the worth of the remaining assets, and restore confidence in the credit markets. The treasury was given sweeping powers with 250 billion dollars of immediate funding. If need arose, an additional 100 billion dollars would be available on the discretion of the President and another 350 billion dollars following a congressional resolution. Over time, the plan has come to embody a whole list of objectives including provisions on how to prevent foreclosures, deposit insurance, restrictions on executive pay and equity interests in financial institutions. The plan has met a mixed reaction. While there is a strong argument that the plan could be inflationary (Hudson, 2008), some argue that it would tend to be the opposite (UBS, 2008). There is also argument that this plan is aiming to fix a bruised and battered system and that we need a new and revitalized system for credit screening. Detractors also point to the fact that the plan keeps on changing. It seems, from the looks of it, that the treasury is determined to stop the bloodshed with its 700 billion dollars but lacks any coherent strategy to do so. Whatever the case, lets build on basic macroeconomics to see how the plan will affect the American and the world economy and then make an informed conclusion on what the US Treasury should instead aim at. To take a short trip back down history lane, when the 1929 depression struck, John Maynard Keynes argued that Government intervention through a budget deficit would alleviate these conditions. Initially the private sector is unwilling to invest. However, as government spending increases, it raises the private sector’s interest. Gradually, confidence returns. Monetarists held an opposing view. While Keynes argued that higher incomes would lead the poor strata of society to consume more, monetarists held that this additional income would go back to paying off debts and accumulated obligations and not add to the value of the multiplier. (Lipsey Harbuy, 1992) The US Treasury and the Federal Reserve it seems are following a middle line here. While the Federal Reserve is cutting interest rates to stimulate business activity, capital infusions by the US Treasury is intended to help banks lend more freely. Thus, we are witnessing a mixture of Keynesian and Monetarist school of thought. Although there is little argument to the fact that this plan is inflationary in nature, the problem that it fails to address is that the US Treasury, despite making equity infusions in banks, buying troubled assets, lowering interest rates and taking steps to reduce uncertainty cannot force banks to lend. While some point to the inflationary nature of the program and its evolving nature, it seems that the major flaw is that it cannot help but wait when banks start lending freely and unfreeze the credit markets, stimulating business activity. Thus, as far as the effects go, it seems likely that if the banks refrain from lending even at the now cheaper interest rates and merely choose to sit on the cash, it is highly likely that the plan would fail plunging America into a recession. This lack of financial facilitation will also affect the world as the USA is acting as a demand powerhouse for the world. It is likely that the World may move into recession too as export markets in America contract. On the other hand, if the plan was to succeed in unfreezing the credit markets and stimulating business activity, we will see inflation followed by bouts of constrained monetary betterment. This would help the world economy too as exports will be less affected and American consumption will fuel their growth. However, in either case, these 700 billion dollars will ultimately affect the taxpayer in future years, in the form of an increased tax liability. However, the most worrying thought is that the recovery could be a jobless one. The bail out plan may put back business and consumer confidence back on track but the increased money supply might not affect unemployment levels in a major way as US firms continue to move production facilities abroad. Therefore, a coherent strategy aimed at increasing industrial production and reducing unemployment inside the US is augmented. For this reason, other counties, possibly China will have to step up and act as a demand generator. (Shafi 2008) To conclude, if the plan is not able to unfreeze the credit markets, there is little chance that the world might escape a depression. If the plan was to work, two scenarios present themselves. By returning to the old way of consuming more, the US Treasury will allow the legacy of the old system to survive. Instead, if the focus would be towards industrial and export led growth, the system of budget deficits and trade deficits and the large sums of money conjured in maintaining them will die and a new world order built on fiscal facilitation and sound monetary management will evolve. References: Hudson, Michael (2008). The bailout is a giveaway that will cause hyperinflation and dollar collapse. The Real News. Retrieved on 13-12-2008 Lipsey G. , H. Harbury, C. (1992) First Principles of Economics. London: Oxford University Press. Shafi, A. (2008). A Walk Down Memory Lane: The Sub Prime Mortage Crisis and the Great Depression revisited. The Financial Flicker Retrieved on 13-12-2008 UBS. (2008) There is no alternative. â€Å"Policy measures are anti-deflationary. They are not inflationary. † Retrieved on 13-12-2008 How to cite P Emergency Bail Out, Papers

Behavior Modification

Question: Write a Report on Behaviour Modification. Answer: Introduction Behaviors arise from long period practiced habits. Continued habits lead to the lack of self-discipline. For this reason, behavioral modification is necessary to iron out the unproductive habits. Behavioral change is achieved through the application of various techniques that encourage the habit or renders punishment for unwanted habits. Behavioral modification relies on the concept of conditioning. The various techniques applied in modifying behavior include positive and negative reinforcement, punishment flooding, systematic desensitization, aversion therapy and desensitization. The application of these techniques relies on continued practice to achieve the desired outcome which changes of behavior as a result of change in habits The term behavior modification was first cited in the articleProvisional Laws of Acquired Behavior written by Edward Thorndike in 1911. In the article, he explains the term as a psychological technique of adaptive behavior through the emphasis on the desired habits and the decrease of undesired behavior through punishment or extinction. However, in recent years, punishment has received a lot of criticism with other arguing that it brings about emotional disorders. E.g. in clinical settings that deal with behavior modification, it is agonist the policy to use spray water bottle as a mode of punishment on patients. Behavior modification runs on the following, reinforcement, punishment, extinction, fading and chaining.According to researcher who undertook a study on children suffering from Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD), children who had been taken through behavioral modification process, had few felony arrests compared to the children in medication group who had twice th e number of felonies("What Is Behavior Modification? Definition, Techniques Examples - Video Lesson Transcript | Study.com", 2017). In this report, we will be dealing with a male participant aged twenty-five years old who currently works with a government ministry. The participant is also engaged in a relationship that is about eight months old. The participant in the behavioral program has a habit of using the laptop until late hours in the night and this has affected the time at which he wakes up in the morning. The consequences of this behavior have led to strained relationships, poor eating habit as well as poor health, work indiscipline and time mismanagement. The reason as to why the participant uses the laptop until late is the fact that he enjoys the privilege of free WI-FI connection at his apartment (Behavior modification, 2016). Though it is in order to use the laptop to surf the internet, the consequences of this habit are undesirable and need to be eliminated. For this reason, a behavioral modification program is laid down to help the participant. The program will be targeting to change the behavior of the participant such that he is able to wake up at seven in the morning or earlier, by decreasing the amount of time spent on the laptop in the evening. The table below shows the occurrence of the behavior that the participant exhibits. Days Sleep time Wake time Day 1 02:23 07:45 Day 2 03:00 07:50 Day 3 01.02 07:45 Day 4 01:56 07:47 Day 5 12:00 07:40 Day 6 03:20 09:54 Day 7 02:30 07:40 The participant arrives home at around eight in the evening, takes a shower, prepares supper and by nine thirty he is already surfing the internet. The participant shuts down the laptop only when he realizes that it is already late. By this time, he has washed the dishes, forgot to call his girlfriend, and has yet to arrange the clothes to be worn for work in the morning. Treatment plan The plan will aim at reducing the internet addiction by the participant, this kind of procedure is referred to as control antecedent, in order to direct the few remaining hours to more productive activities. It is well known that the WIFI cannot be turned off for the sake of the participant. Therefore, extinction will not be one of the manipulative techniques applied. The manipulative technique to be applied will include the token economy where each hour saved through the avoidance of the internet in the evening can be redeemed in the morning by waking up early before seven in the morning. Surfing the internet will be used as the bait or condition that will motivate the participant as it is his addiction. This will not only save time but also help to retain what he has learned on the internet, as the mind is still fresh(KAPLAN, 2017). After the participant arrives at home, takes a shower, and prepares supper, he proceeds to iron his clothes, call the girlfriend, and do the dishes. By eleven-thirty, he is already in bed. The participant ought to wake up at five thirty in the morning, take a shower, prepare breakfast and six oclock seat him surfing the internet while having breakfast.At seven oclock in the morning, he starts to prepare for work and be leaving the house by seven thirty. The participant will have a schedule as shown below. Participant Activity Schedule 8:00 pm to 9:30 pm Arriving at home, take shower, prepare supper 9:30 pm to 11:30 pm Iron the clothes, call the girlfriend and do the dishes 11:30 pm to 5:30 am sleep 5:30 am to 6:00 am Take shower, prepare breakfast 6:00am to 7:00am Surfing the internet 7:00am to 7:30am Prepare for work NB: the schedule is not as such ridged as the participant may choose to accomplish the tasks with less time in order to increase the number of tokens in terms of hours that rare latter redeemed in the morning hours available for surfing the internet. The above treatment program is set to run for twenty-one days that is three weeks consecutively. For the first one week, the results were as follows. Days Sleep time Wake time Day 1 11:23 06:30 Day 2 11:00 05:46 Day 3 11.32 05:30 Day 4 11:25 05:30 Day 5 11:59 05:54 Day 6 11:30 05:35 Day 7 11:30 05:30 The graph above shows that the implementation of the treatment is slowly bearing fruits as the participant is mindful of time and is able to accomplish all the set-out tasks while at the same time satisfying his addiction. Thinning and Monitoring Phase Thinning is set to take place after the third week where the participant will be deprived the access to the internet for four days and in its place, morning run will be introduced. This will enable to reinforce the self-control behavior that is not reliable on redeeming the tokens. At this point, all the controls removed and the participant is acting on his own. The aim of introducing the morning run is because he hates exercise, this will be a resourceful point of testing self-control as well as improve his health (Redd, Andersen Porterfield, 2009). Days Sleep time Wake time Day 1 11:30 05:30 Day 2 11:00 05:40 Day 3 11.00 05:30 Day 4 11:25 05:30 Day 5 11:30 05:04 Day 6 11:30 05:10 Day 7 11:30 05:10 According to the graph above the participant showed improved outcomes after the thinning period such that he managed to accomplish tasks much earlier as well as wake up early. The improved results can be attributed to improved health because of morning run (Sudak, 2008). Conclusion: Behavioral modification is essential in enhancing productive habits as well as eliminating old habits, therefore the participant should continue with the newly adopted schedule especially the one used during thinning phase as it is more productive and helps accomplish allot. References: Behavior Modification. (2016).Journal Of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics,7(4), 278. doi:10.1097/00004703-198608000-00023 Discriminative Stimulus definition | Psychology Glossary | alleydog.com. (2017).Alleydog.com. Retrieved 19 February 2017, from https://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.php?term=Discriminative%20Stimulus Kaplan, J. (2017).BEYOND BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION(1st ed.). [S.l.]: PRO-ED. Redd, W., Andersen, B., Porterfield, A. (2009).Behavior modification(1st ed.). New York: Random House. Sudak, D. (2008). Training in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Psychiatry Residency: An Overview for Educators.Behavior Modification,33(1), 124-137. doi:10.1177/1059601108322626 What Is Behavior Modification? - Definition, Techniques Examples - Video Lesson Transcript | Study.com. (2017).Study.com. Retrieved 19 February 2017, from https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-behavior-modification-definition-techniques-examples.html